Published Research

    The following is a partial listing of research articles published by SML in the following magazines: Law and Order Magazine, The Journal of Emergency Medical Services, Better Roads Magazine, Police and Security News, Blue Line Magazine (Canada), Police Magazine, BMW Roundel, Traffic Safety Magazine, Law Enforcement Technology, Overdrive Magazine, Roads and Bridges Magazine, The Police Journal, American Iron Magazine, AutoPlus (Europe), Western Reporter Magazine, Fire And Rescue Magazine. Copies of individual are available for $20.00 U.S. which includes shipping and handling. Pre 1999 publications on request.

   

Noise Ordinance Enforced

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Boomers (2007) - SML looks at state and local ordinances and OHSA levels of harmful sound levels from loud car stereos. Some communities confiscate the offending vehicle and the sound system. Some communities fine the suspect as well as the audio shop installing the system. Jail time is mandatory in some jurisdictions. SML visited five police agencies in Wyoming, Nebraska, Texas, Mississippi, and Colorado interviewing police and government officials on enforcement techniques. New sound level meters with printers are presented along with interfaces of microphones with in-car video systems providing court evidence of excessive sound levels. Sound level complaints are the number #1 call received from citizens at police dispatch.

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Red Light Cameras Are Blushing (2007)- In depth article looks at legal challenges to red light camera installations around the country. It reviews federal and university research reporting red light camera installations actually increase accident rates. The article presents profits being made by companies who operate red light cameras for municipalities and by the cities who have installed them. It reports which states ban red light cameras and reports on recent installations nation-wide. The research looks at alternatives to red light cameras used successfully here and abroad. A must article for jurisdictions considering installation of red light camera systems.

Talking To Death (2007)- With cell phone use while driving now the #3 cause of death and injury on our nation’s highways many states and local governments are passing restrictions on talking while driving. This research assessed some 7,900 drivers in Albuquerque, Denver, and Dallas/Fort Worth to see what percentages of drivers were talking on their cell phone while driving. The research concentrated on Albuquerque’s new law banning the use of hand held cell phones while driving. The percentage of Albuquerque drivers on phones was compared to drivers with no restrictions in Denver and Dallas/Fort Worth. The percentage of men compared to women talking while driving was also tabulated. A review of considerable university research is presented substantiating the dangers of cell phone driving and showing no difference between accident causation of hand held or hands free cell phone use.

Compliance With New Interstate Speed Limits (2007)- Texas now has the highest interstate speed limit of 80 mph on rural stretches of Interstate 10 and Interstate 20 in West Texas. According to NHTSA’s Traffic Facts, speeding is the second contributing factor in death and injury only behind driving while intoxicated. A total of 7,390 drivers in Montana, New Mexico, and Texas were assessed were speed limits were 75 mph, 70 mph, and 80 mph on interstates. The research was conducted with the cooperation of various law enforcement agencies of the states. Speed limit compliance increased with increasing speed limits with 62% of drivers complying with the 80 mph speed limit, while only 28% of drivers complied with 70 mph. SML compiled speed data in 1997 used by the State of Montana in establishing an interstate speed limit in 1998. The 1997 figures, when Montana had no interstate speed limit, were compared to Montana drivers ten years later in 2007 with a 75 mph speed limit at the exact mile maker on Interstate 15 outside of Great Falls, MT. The average speeds of Montana drivers ten years ago varied little from Montana drivers today with less than a 1 mph difference between the two samples. This research again confirms, regardless of the posted speed limit, drivers drive the speed they wish!

Rural EMS: Road To Nowhere (2007)

Rural EMSRural EMS: Road To Nowhere (2007) - With the assistance of three rural EMS organizations from Lincoln County, New Mexico, Hudspeth County, Texas and Bull Head City, AZ (Mohave County, AZ), SML presents the unique challenges and rewards of operating quality EMS services in extremely rural environments. Each of the three counties covered could easily fit the states of Rhode Island and Connecticut into their borders. Mohave County, AZ consumes some 13,429 square miles. Corona, New Mexico, pop 160, is featured. Corona has no stop light, no doctor, and no cell phone sevice. It's some 60 miles from the nearest hospital. Quality EMS services in the three locations comes from intense training and recruitment of EMTs and from their dedication to the mission of saving lives despite financial reward. Training programs and communications systems are reviewed along with the national trend of medical providers moving away from rural settings.

Window Tint And Probable Cause (2006)- This article reviews window tint laws around the country and evaluates products from two major suppliers. It cites court precedents using a window tint violation based on the officers observation as probable cause for a traffic stop.

Blood Evidence (2006)- Blood evidence looks at the recent development as treating BAC levels as evidence. Many police agencies now receive search warrants for a suspect’s blood as evidence of driving under the influence. These same officers are certified to draw a suspect’s blood at the police headquarters with or without the suspect’s permission after serving the search warrant.

New Laser Gun Review (2006)- SML looks at new laser guns introduced including the less than one pound, binocular Kustom Signals Laser Lite. The article also presents new laser guns with digital cameras affixed and their use in North America and around the world. This development now documents with visual evidence speeding by a suspect. A discussion is also made of jamming codes presented by laser guns from Stalker Radar, Laser Atlanta, and Laser Technologies. Further, it represents maximum targeting range of the various laser guns currently available with notations of the limitations of distance use as mandated by Judge Reginald Stanton, New Jersey Superior Court in 1998.


Move Over published by Fire and Rescue Magazine, presents grizzly national statistics on accidents and fatalities when First Responder vehicles are hit by motorists in route to an emergency call. Next to heart attacks, such accidents are the second leading cause of death for fire personnel. The article looks at specific Move Over Laws enacted by states and reports the effectiveness of a new device, Emergency Vehicle Alert (EVA). EVA is designed to warn drivers in their cars of approaching emergency vehicles reducing accident and fatality potentials. Such in-car warning systems are called for by the NHTSA sponsored ITS (Intelligent Traffic Systems) program. EVA field research was conducted with the cooperation and participation of the Tucson, Arizona Fire Department and Tucson Traffic Engineering Department in 2006.


School Policing Is Different (2006)- A review is given of the history and development of school police agencies. It also explains the mission differences in school police agencies and municipal police departments.

Point and Shoot (2005)- SML reviews new hand held radar gun performance with special emphasis on fast modes and directional radar.

Officer Radar and Laser Certification (2004)- This article reviews the training requirements in certifying officers to operate radar and laser guns for speed enforcement. Special mention is made to the NHTSA training requirements as well as court decisions that have dismissed multiple speeding citations due to inadequate training of officers.

Speeding Vaccine (2004)- The research compares the speed reduction effectiveness of four different sized speed displays and their effects on increasing compliance with speed limits. Results are presented in average speed, 85th %, 10 mile pace and speed limit compliance. Special attention is given to the distance at which drivers recognize and react to different sized speed displays.

Speeding Evidence (2003)- This article concentrates in interfacing dash cam cameras with existing two piece radar guns. The interface stamps the speed of the target vehicle on each frame of video for court evidence.

Safety Town (2003)- SML highlights Huntsville, TX and their coordinated community effort for increased speed limit compliance and citizen awareness with billboards, radar drones on school busses, public service announcements by the media, and contracts with students.

Detecting Detectors (2003)- This research was conducted in Canada and the United States. It compares the performance of two radar detector detectors against all old and new radar detectors. The article also reviews national and state legislation into the legality of operating a radar detector.

Controlling Community Speeds With Radar Displays (2002)- With the assistance of three municipal police departments, placement options of speed displays are presented along with short term and long term speed reductions.

Radar Detectors, Jammers, And The Law (2002)- SML presents a comprehensive study of state, local, and federal legislation on the legality of operating radar detectors, radar jammers, and laser jammers. Special notations are made of federal restrictions regulating the devices.


Different Speed Limits, Different Speeds? (2001)- With the assistance of four western states all with different interstate speed limits, SML compared its finding to those of Martin J. Parker’s 22 state urban study Effectiveness of Raising or Lowering Speed Limits. This research was conducted over a five year period and results were used by the State of Montana in establishing numerical speed limits replacing no speed limits under their Reasonable and Prudent laws.

Radar Trailer Effectiveness in School Zones (2000)- SML documented long term and short term speed reduction and compliance in school zones using radar speed trailers. Results show a long term speed reduction was maintained during the year of the study.

Improving Work Zone Safety With Radar (2000)- The research in conjunction with the Texas Transportation Institute looked at speed reduction statistics in multiple work zones after radar drones and radar trailers were used.

Photo Radar (1999)- With the permission of four police agencies in suburban Phoenix, SML gained access to photo radar systems. The article presents the history of photo enforcement, the community reaction to speed and red light enforcement, and contracting with private companies for service and operation of the system. It also reviews media and citizen approval or disapproval of such systems including red light cameras.

Compliance With Work Zone Speed Limits (1999)- SML measured work zone speed limit compliance in Nebraska, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Texas all with different work zone speed limits. Compliance figures for cars and 18 wheelers were compared.

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